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Knee Injuries

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Inside Knee Injuries

Knee Injuries

Anatomy of Knee

  1. Bones
  2. Ligaments
  3. Muscles & Tendons
  4. Meniscus
  5. Bursae

SPRAINS - A stretch or tear (partial or complete) of any ligaments that support the knee.

  1. Grade 1 (Mild) - Tear of only a few ligament fibers.  There will be mild swelling of the knee, some pain, and limited disability.  No long-term instability of the joint is created.  Definitely NOT a surgical candidate.
  2. Grade 2 (Moderate) - Tear of a moderate amount of ligament fibers, but the ligament itself is still intact and functions normally.  There is a moderate amount of swelling, pain and temporary disability. Long-term, there is little to no instability of the joint.  Definitely NOT a surgical candidate.
  3. Grade 3 (Severe) - Complete rupture of ligament.  There is severe swelling and instability of the ankle. There is likely to be some permanent joint problems created from this type of injury, irregardless of the type of treatment utilized (conservative vs. surgical).  This type of injury almost always requires surgical repair.  There are 3 stages of instability:

  1. 1+  Joint surfaces that are normally stabilized by the ligament(s) displaced 3-5 mm from their original position.

  2. 2+  Joint surfaces separated by 6-10 mm
  3. 3+ Joint surfaces separated by more than 10 mm

STRAINS - A stretch or tear (partial or complete) of any muscles or tendons due to indirect force (contraction of the muscle).

  1. Grade 1 (Mild) - Tear of only a few muscle or tendon fibers.  There will be mild swelling, pain and some disability.  Strains of this type are characterized by the patient still being able to produce string, yet painful, muscle contractions.
  2. Grade 2 (Moderate) - Disruption of a moderate number of muscle or tendon fibers, but the muscle-tendon unit is still intact.   There will be moderate swelling, pain and some disability.  Strains of this type are characterized by the patient still being able to produce weak and painful, muscle contractions.
  3. Grade 3 (Severe) - Complete disruption of the muscle-tendon unit.  This type of injury can either be in the middle of the muscle, at its origin on the bone, where the muscle and tendon joint together, or within the tendon itself.  This type of injury is characterized by extremely weak but painless attempts at muscle contraction.

Inflammation

  1. Synovitis - inflammation of the lining of the ankle
  2. Tenosynovitis - inflammation of the tendon(s) or the lining of the tendon sheath(s)

Treatment

  1. Conservative (Non-Surgical)
  2. Surgical
  3. Bracing

 
 
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